Ko da yake man fetur din ya yi tasiri da kuma siffanta wannan zamani, su ma sun kasance babban abin da ya haifar da rikicin yanayi a halin yanzu.Duk da haka, makamashi kuma zai zama mahimmin al'amari don tinkarar sakamakon sauyin yanayi: juyin juya halin makamashi mai tsabta na duniya wanda tasirin tattalin arzikinsa ya kawo sabon bege ga makomarmu.
Burbushin mai ya zama ginshikin tsarin makamashi na duniya, wanda ya kawo ci gaban tattalin arziki da ba a taba ganin irinsa ba da kuma kara rura wutar zamani.Amfani da makamashi a duniya ya karu da ninki hamsin a cikin ƙarni biyu da suka gabata, wanda ke ƙarfafa masana'antar al'ummar ɗan adam, amma kuma yana haifar da lalacewar muhalli da ba a taɓa gani ba.CO2Matakan da ke cikin yanayin mu sun kai matakin da aka yi wa rajista shekaru miliyan 3-5 da suka gabata, lokacin da matsakaitan yanayin zafi ya fi 2-3°C, kuma matakin teku ya kai mita 10-20.Al'ummar kimiyya sun cimma matsaya kan yanayin canjin yanayi na anthropogenic, tare da IPCC ta bayyana cewa "Tasirin dan Adam a kan tsarin sauyin yanayi a bayyane yake, kuma fitar da iskar gas na zamani na zamani shine mafi girma a tarihi."
Dangane da rikicin yanayi, yarjejeniyoyin duniya sun shafi rage CO2fitar da hayaki domin dakile karuwar zafin jiki da kuma dakile sauyin yanayi na anthropogenic.Babban ginshiƙi na waɗannan yunƙurin ya ta'allaka ne kan kawo sauyi ga fannin makamashi da ƙaura zuwa ga tattalin arzikin da ba shi da ƙarfi.Wannan zai bukaci sauyi nan kusa ga makamashi mai sabuntawa, ganin cewa bangaren makamashi ya kai kashi biyu bisa uku na hayakin duniya.A baya, babban abin da ke daure kai a cikin wannan sauyi shi ne tattalin arziƙin da ke bayan ƙaura daga albarkatun burbushin halittu: ta yaya za mu biya wannan sauyi da kuma biyan guraben ayyukan yi marasa adadi?Yanzu, hoton yana canzawa.Akwai shaidu masu tasowa cewa lambobin da ke bayan juyin juya halin makamashi mai tsabta suna da ma'ana.
Amsa ga hauhawar matakan CO2
A cewar hukumarHukumar Kula da Yanayi ta Duniya(WMO) Nazarin 2018, matakan iskar gas na yanayi, wato carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), da nitrous oxide (N2O), duk sun kai sabon matsayi a cikin 2017.
Bangaren makamashi ya mamaye35% na CO2 hayaki.Wannan ya hada da kona kwal, iskar gas, da mai don wutar lantarki da zafi (25%), da sauran hayaki da ba su da alaƙa kai tsaye da wutar lantarki ko samar da zafi, kamar hakar mai, tacewa, sarrafawa, da sufuri (ƙarin 10). %).
Ba wai kawai fannin makamashi ke ba da gudummawa ga kaso mafi tsoka na hayaki ba, ana kuma ci gaba da samun karuwar bukatar makamashi.Ƙarfafar tattalin arziƙin duniya mai ƙarfi, da buƙatun dumama da sanyaya, yawan makamashin duniya ya karu da kashi 2.3% a cikin 2018, kusan ninki biyu matsakaicin adadin ci gaban da aka samu tun 2010.
DE carbonization yayi daidai da cirewa ko rage carbon dioxide daga tushen makamashi don haka aiwatar da juyin juya halin makamashi mai tsabta na jumloli, kau da kai daga burbushin mai da rungumar makamashi mai sabuntawa.Wani muhimmin sashi idan za mu bambanta munin tasirin sauyin yanayi.
Ba "kawai" game da yin abin da ya dace ba
Amfanin juyin juya halin makamashi mai tsabta bai iyakance ga "kawai" kawar da rikicin yanayi ba."Akwai wasu fa'idodi da za su wuce rage dumamar yanayi.Misali, rage gurbacewar iska zai yi tasiri mai kyau ga lafiyar dan adam” sharhi Ramiro Parrado na CMCC's Economic analysis of Climate Impact and Policy Division lokacin da aka yi hira da shi kan wannan labarin.Dangane da nasarorin da aka samu a fannin kiwon lafiya, kasashe ma na zabar samar da makamashin da suke samu daga hanyoyin da za a sabunta su, ta yadda za su rage dogaro da shigo da makamashi, musamman kasashen da ba sa hako mai.Ta wannan hanyar, ana kawar da rikice-rikice na geopolitical yayin da ƙasashe ke samar da nasu ikon.
Koyaya, kodayake fa'idodin canjin makamashi don ingantacciyar lafiya, kwanciyar hankali na geopolitical da fa'idodin muhalli ba labari bane;ba su taɓa isa su kawo canjin makamashi mai tsabta ba.Kamar yadda yake faruwa sau da yawa, abin da gaske ke sa duniya ta zagaya kuɗi ne… kuma yanzu kuɗi yana tafiya daidai.
Ƙwararrun wallafe-wallafen da ke girma suna nuna gaskiyar cewa juyin juya halin makamashi mai tsabta zai zo tare da ci gaban GDP da karuwar aiki.Mai tasiriRahoton IRENA na 2019ya nuna cewa ga kowane dala 1 da aka kashe kan canjin makamashi za a iya samun yuwuwar biyan kuɗi tsakanin dala 3 da dalar Amurka 7, ko dalar Amurka tiriliyan 65 da dala tiriliyan 160 a cikin ma'auni a cikin jimlar har zuwa 2050. Ya isa a sami manyan 'yan wasan masana'antu da masu tsara manufofi. tsananin sha'awar.
Da zarar an ɗauke shi a matsayin wanda ba a dogara da shi ba kuma yana da tsada sosai, abubuwan sabuntawa suna zama alamar tsare-tsaren decarbonization.Babban abu shine faduwar farashi, wanda ke haifar da yanayin kasuwanci don sabunta makamashi.Sabbin fasahohin da ake sabunta su kamar wutar lantarki da kuma geothermal sun kasance masu gasa tsawon shekaru kuma yanzu hasken rana da iska sun kasancesamun nasara a gasar sakamakon ci gaban fasaha da karuwar zuba jari, fafatawa da fasahar zamani ta al'ada dangane da farashi a yawancin manyan kasuwannin duniya,ko da ba tare da tallafi ba.
Wani mai ƙarfi mai nuna fa'idodin kuɗi na canjin makamashi mai tsafta shine shawarar da manyan 'yan wasan kuɗi suka yanke na karkatar da makamashin burbushin mai da saka hannun jari a abubuwan sabuntawa.Asusun arziƙi na Yaren mutanen Norway da HSBC suna aiwatar da matakan kawar da kwal, tare da tsohon kwanan nan.zuba jari a kamfanonin mai guda takwas da masu samar da mai sama da 150.Lokacin da yake magana game da yunkurin asusun na Norwegian, Tom Sanzillo, darektan kudi na Cibiyar Nazarin Makamashi da Tattalin Arziki, ya ce: "Waɗannan maganganu ne masu mahimmanci daga babban asusu.Suna yin haka ne saboda jarin mai ba sa samar da darajar da suke da ita a tarihi.Har ila yau, gargadi ne ga hadakar kamfanonin mai da masu zuba jari ke kallonsu don ciyar da tattalin arzikin kasar gaba don samar da makamashi mai sabuntawa."
Kungiyoyin zuba jari, kamarDivestInvestkumaCA100+, suna kuma matsa lamba ga 'yan kasuwa don rage sawun carbon din su.A COP24 kadai, ƙungiyar masu saka hannun jari 415, waɗanda ke wakiltar sama da dalar Amurka tiriliyan 32, sun bayyana ƙudurinsu ga yarjejeniyar Paris: muhimmiyar gudummawa.Kiraye-kirayen daukar mataki sun hada da neman gwamnatoci su sanya farashin carbon, da soke tallafin mai, da kuma kawar da wutar lantarki.
Amma, yaya game da duk waɗannan ayyukan da za a rasa idan muka ƙaura daga masana'antar mai?Parrado ya bayyana cewa: "Kamar yadda a cikin kowane canji za a sami sassan da abin zai shafa kuma kaurace wa albarkatun mai zai haifar da asarar ayyuka a wannan bangaren."Koyaya, hasashen hasashen cewa adadin sabbin ayyukan yi da aka ƙirƙira zai zarce asarar ayyukan yi.Samar da aikin yi shine babban abin la'akari a cikin tsare-tsare don haɓakar tattalin arziƙin ƙarancin carbon kuma gwamnatoci da yawa a yanzu suna ba da fifikon haɓaka makamashi mai sabuntawa, da farko don rage hayaƙi da cimma burin yanayi na duniya, amma har ma don neman fa'idodin zamantakewa da tattalin arziƙi kamar haɓaka ayyukan yi da walwala. .
Makomar makamashi mai tsabta
Tsarin makamashi na yanzu yana sa mu danganta amfani da makamashi tare da lalata duniyarmu.Wannan shi ne saboda mun kona albarkatun mai don musanyawa don samun damar yin amfani da sabis na makamashi mai rahusa.Duk da haka, idan za mu magance matsalar sauyin yanayi makamashi zai ci gaba da zama wani muhimmin bangare na aiwatar da gyare-gyare da dabaru da ake bukata don tinkarar matsalar yanayi a halin yanzu da kuma ci gaba da ci gaban al'ummarmu.Makamashi shine dalilin matsalolinmu da kayan aikin da zamu magance su.
Tattalin arzikin da ke bayan sauyin mulki yana da inganci kuma, haɗe tare da wasu ƙwaƙƙwaran ƙarfi don kawo sauyi, akwai sabon bege a nan gaba mai tsabta makamashi.
Lokacin aikawa: Juni-03-2021